Understanding the Origin and Application Development Trends of the Internet of Things in One Article
Time:2023-10-22
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The Origins and Concepts of the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things (IoT) began to develop in 2009 when IBM proposed the concept of "Smart Earth". In 2010, China called out "Perception of China" and first proposed the Chinese name for the Internet of Things. In fact, the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) was proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 20 years ago, but due to the immaturity of technology and communication technology at that time, it failed to resonate; By 2010, this issue had been designated as a strategic development area for multiple countries such as Europe, America, China, and Japan. More and more information reports have also listed it as an important field for the development of technology and communication in the next decade, creating a huge industry and output value. Many countries even use government power to drive industrial development, but the United States mainly relies on industrial power to drive industrial development. Europe focuses on the value of social and human economy, social progress, and so on. However, most Asian countries extend this from an industrial perspective to consumers.
The concept of the Internet of Things is that every existing item can be communicated or interconnected through the network. To understand the Internet of Things, the first step is to understand the trends in the development of technology, communication, and networking society, as well as the background behind the emergence of the Internet of Things. In the past, it was people who cooperated with computers. Now, you can treat the computer center as a cloud without time or location constraints. Technological communication devices can provide more computing resources to meet people‘s needs. Before the term ‘Internet of Things‘ came out, we referred to it as Ubiquitous computing.
What is the purpose of "ubiquitous computing"? We are called human central, which provides applications and services centered around people in daily life. Most of these are represented by a smart city, as smart cities have multiple types of living needs, such as smart homes, smart buildings, smart transportation, and healthcare, which may be implemented in the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things can connect everything that interests us in life and provide a valuable application service for humanity.
IoT Market/Application Development Trends
There is no strict definition for the application of the Internet of Things, and almost anything that is driven by technology and communication can be included. In a narrower sense, technology communication applications have sensors to collect data and send it to the later end for analysis and application. As an example of home smart energy-saving applications, a company in the United States proposed a smart socket, which continuously collects electricity consumption data from various appliances on the socket and collects it into the cloud, allowing users to view the electricity consumption status of the appliances through the system, serving as a reference value for consumers to use the appliances, in order to achieve the goal of energy conservation.
Another example is an intelligent health toothbrush. When users use an intelligent toothbrush, the sensors on the toothbrush begin to collect personal brushing status and report it to the system, allowing users to view their brushing status through data review, identify areas for improvement, and so on. This application has great benefits in encouraging children to brush their teeth and is also helpful for children‘s dental health.
There are also vending machines that can determine the age group of shoppers. In addition to selling, the machines can actively recommend items that the age group likes, and even make payments through NFC‘s mobile phone. In addition, vending machines can also provide personalized preference recommendations, further providing information on which items can be purchased from which vending machines. A smart park is also an example, providing a smart bracelet that combines wearable devices and IoT technology. The basic data of the user is input into the smart bracelet, and it has functions such as tickets, passes, and credit cards. Walking on the road, if Mickey Mouse suddenly comes over and says hello to you by your name, don‘t be too surprised. These are all the powerful powers of the Internet of Things.
Internet of Things Technology Architecture
When discussing the Internet of Things, we usually divide the system architecture into three layers, with the perception layer at the bottom, which can capture, collect, and sense the relevant information required for our application. For example, we would like to know the current traffic conditions in the urban area to provide more route options for pedestrians, but how do we collect traffic conditions? There are many methods, such as installing a camera at each intersection, which transmits real-time road conditions to the backend to the cloud, and then accumulates real-time information for analysis; Another method is to install sensors on the road. As soon as a car passes through, how many cars pass through this area per unit of time can tell how many cars are on the road and whether it is blocked or not.
From here, it can be seen that the relationship between the Internet of Things and massive data is quite close. At the bottom level of the Internet of Things architecture, it is the Internet of Things, which aims to capture and sense data. During this process, a large amount of data will be collected, but to filter out useful data for us, we need to go through the stage of collection, processing, and analysis, because data collection and analysis play a significant role in the entire application architecture of the Internet of Things. Nowadays, the application of the Internet of Things is mostly based on smart cities, including the environmental protection, transportation, energy, logistics, healthcare, and smart buildings needed in cities.
International IoT Application Cases
The application of IoT for animal networking in Santander City, Spain is being promoted from many aspects, such as intelligent transportation, intelligent station signs or information on smooth and congested road traffic, detection of parking spaces, and so on. In addition, the surrounding environment of smart buildings includes the temperature and humidity of the park flower beds, as well as the sensing conditions of street lights, etc; The switch of street lights can also sense the brightness of the sky through sensors, as a basis for judging the light on and off. It can also determine air quality by sensing noise, temperature and humidity, or install sensors on the road surface to collect traffic flow information on the road, providing a basis for pedestrians to choose the road.
There are also smart meters installed in 270000 households in Gothenburg, Sweden. The purpose of smart electricity meters is to make the electricity usage situation controllable. Its benefits are not only limited to saving meter reading operations, but most importantly, it can provide power companies with electricity regulation. For example, in Beijing, summer is very hot and people spend a lot of time on electricity. Therefore, the distribution and use of electricity are very important,
At this point, digital electricity meters can be used for power regulation; Being able to move excess electricity from Zone A to Zone B can not only meet peak demand but also achieve moderate power generation, saving power generation.
Future Opportunities and Challenges
The Internet of Things is a strategic opportunity for China‘s industry to enhance its soft power, and its practical application is also of great help. In the case of smart cities, whether it is energy, transportation, food, healthcare, or industrial forms, if we do promote it, we can indirectly drive the transformation of China‘s industrial structure through a large-scale application service introduction, that is, shifting from manufacturing to application services, and thereby improving the integration mode of China‘s entire application services and systems.
There are still many challenges and issues in the current architecture of the Internet of Things. If there are no problems, how can there be a chance? Because there are still problems, many places need to be solved through our innovative creativity. For example, the security of the network, the excessive power consumption of sensing devices, solving power supply issues at installation locations, lack of standardization, high costs, and so on are full of challenges and opportunities.
epilogue
The future development potential of the Internet of Things is great, and countries around the world are investing in this field as strategic industries. But the promotion of the business model of the Internet of Things is very important. Currently, many good applications rely on government funding. Once the government stops supporting them, many applications may be difficult to implement. Therefore, there is an opportunity for everyone to think more about how to promote its business model. Most IoT applications are promoted from government applications, starting from public applications, then to industries, to households, and consumers, which are usually relatively backend. In addition, when promoting these innovative applications to general consumers and households, it is necessary to consider human usage habits and behaviors. There are many emerging applications that may involve legal issues, which also need to be discussed. However, I believe that the Internet of Things will still have great potential opportunities in the next decade.
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